Marta Pacheco Pinto
University of Lisbon
ORCID 0000-0002-2043-619X
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When the Translator Ends Up in the Water: A Case Study of Three Fictional Finales
Dedalus 26 (2022), pp. 245-268. Download PDF

Abstract

This article addresses three fictional stories that cast translators in a similar finale, that of relief in the water. The water as these translators’ final destination is examined in relation to Yōko Tawada’s short story “Saint George and the Translator” (2007 [1993]), Yōko Ogawa’s novel Hotel Iris (2010 [1996]), and João Reis’s novella The Translator’s Bride (2019 [2015]). The question to be discussed from a comparative perspective and close reading approach is why these fictionalized translators end up throwing themselves into the water and what is entailed in this choice of liquidity. Contrary to translators who got into history, the translators around which these storylines revolve are nameless (anonymous) translators going through dysfunctional romantic relationships and struggling with the uncertainties and lack of recognition that pervade the translation profession. The different nuances in meaning of the water motif (symbolizing either purification or redemption, inspiration or destruction) is interrogated on two levels: the fictional translators’ self-perception and will to self-assertion; and their professed ethics and the violence that is to a certain extent inherent to them. The narrative figurations of these issues, which inform translator agency, show that these translators are or feel excluded in/from society, which entails their exclusion in/from history. Attention is given particularly to translators’ inability to cope with the responsibility of translation, and how – paradoxical as it might be – they assert their individual agency by denying their own translational agency. Ultimately, the analysis substantiates Rosemary Arrojo’s claim of “the impossibility of being in[/]visible” (Fictional Representations, 32).
 
Keywords: fictional translators; agency; in/visibility; water motif; liquidity
Caragh Barry
University of California Santa Barbara
ORCID 0000-0002-0511-7211
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Gender and Translation Theory in Fiction: Andrés Neuman’s El viajero del siglo
Dedalus 26 (2022), pp. 223-243. Download PDF

Abstract

By deliberately choosing a female-identified translator character as one of the protagonists, Argentine author Andrés Neuman in his award-winning novel El viajero del siglo (2009) [Traveler of the Century] engages with often-overlooked aspects of translation that are central to feminist translation theory and those who work with gender and translation. This article examines this phenomenon as seen in Neuman’s novel and focuses on the identity and portrayal of the character Sophie Gottlieb, who defies expectations set for translators in previous works of fiction. This unique portrayal of the translator-character through Sophie exemplifies three main trends in translation theory when explored through a gendered lens: the idea of translation as an expression of agency (Simon 1996; von Flotow 1997; Maier 1998); the metaphorics of translation and the concept of production versus reproduction (Chamberlain 2012; Godayol 2013); and translation as collaborative, creative, and transformative (Littau 2000). By choosing to create an aristocratic female character in what would become modern-day Germany in the nineteenth century, Neuman both shows how women historically gained a form of agency through translation as well as defies previous expectations for what topics a translator character could be used to explore.
 
Keywords: translation; fiction; gender; metaphors; agency
Denise Kripper
Lake Forest College
ORCID 0000-0002-0629-1406
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Stranger than Fiction: The Biographies of Shiki Nagaoka and José Salas Subirat
Dedalus 26 (2022), pp. 205-221. Download PDF

Abstract

Following the “cultural turn” of translation studies, recent works centered around translators have highlighted their longstanding invisibility while bringing to the fore the importance of their figure. The portrayal of translators in academic research, memoirs and biographies, and literary fiction can challenge commonplace assumptions about their task. In this article, I address the tension between the real practice of translation and its literary rendering by focusing on two biographies: a fictional one and a real one. The novel Shiki Nagaoka: Una nariz de ficción, by Mexican writer Mario Bellatin (translated into English by David Shook as Shiki Nagaoka: A Nose for Fiction), recounts the life of a Japanese writer and translator, and El traductor del Ulises, by Argentine scholar Lucas Petersen, researches the life of the first translator into Spanish of James Joyce’s masterpiece. Comparing and contrasting the fake biography of a fictional translator and the real biography of an actual translator, I draw especially from their paratexts: prologues, translation commentaries, archival research, and photographs that introduce the text, frame the narrative, and can corroborate or falsify its authenticity. The aim of this article is to foreground how representations of translators, whether historiographical or fictional, can assist in visibilizing the role of translators and, in turn, rethinking their task.
 
Keywords: fictional turn; translator; biography; paratexts
Olivia Holloway
U.S. Military Academy
ORCID 0000-0003-2005-0454
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Prosthetic Poetics: Projecting Companionship in Adriana Lisboa’s Rakushisha (2007)
Dedalus 26 (2022), pp. 183-204. Download PDF

Abstract

Adriana Lisboa, poet and novelist, translates Matsuo Bashō’s travel diary Saga Nikki, inserting it as a paratext of her 2007 novel Rakushisha. The present study examines the role of Lisboa’s translation and depictions of the fictional translator as crucial narrative keys to the structure and plot of Rakushisha. In addition, the functionality of absent characters (including author-poets and translators) that emerge in the form of written text, memory, and imagination prompt an exploration of the definitions of character and genre as well as the visibility of translators in prose and poetry. Examining the underlying, unspoken contracts that occur in translation and all forms of communication reveals some assumptions that readers, writers, translators, and other stakeholders make when participating in these media.
 
Keywords: translation; poetry; Japan; untranslatability; immigration; belonging
Manuel Azuaje-Alamo
Waseda University
ORCID 0000-0001-7687-8854
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Intercultural and Intersemiotic Translation as Autobiography in Adriana Lisboa’s Rakushisha
Dedalus 26 (2022), pp. 157-181. Download PDF

Abstract

Widely known throughout the West as the representative poet of the haiku tradition, Matsuo Bashō lived in seventeenth-century Japan and, besides haiku and renga poetry, also wrote a series of poetic travelogues. Adriana Lisboa’s 2007 novel Rakushisha prominently features one of these travelogues, Bashō’s Saga Diary 嵯峨日記, which narrates one of the poet’s journeys to Kyoto. Furthermore, Lisboa intertextualizes this travelogue by featuring three main characters all of whom perform different but parallel translational acts on Bashō’s text: (1) the Brazilian-Japanese female translator, Yukiko, who translates Saga Diary into Portuguese; (2) Haruki, Yukiko’s ex-lover, who is tasked with illustrating this Portuguese-language translation; and (3) Celina, Haruki’s new companion and the novel’s main narrator, who travels with him to Japan and, influenced by the diary format of Bashō’s original, re-writes The Saga Diary’s itinerary using a twenty-first-century, Brazilian-centered global tone, all while embedding Bashō’s original text into her narrative. This article analyses the ways in which Lisboa’s Rakushisha handles these different modes of translation by considering its structure and themes while also comparing Lisboa’s Portuguese-language text against Bashō’s original in classical Japanese.
 
Keywords: classical Japanese literature; Bashō; translation; Latin American literature; Adriana Lisboa; travelogues